由于当前jQuery如此的如雷贯耳,相信不用介绍什么是jQuery了,公司代码中广泛应用了jQuery,但我在看一些小朋友的代码时发现一个问题,小朋友们使用的仅仅是jQuery的皮毛,只是使用id选择器与attr方法,还有几个动画,如果只是如此,相比于其带来的开销,其实还不如不使用,下面介绍几个jQuery常用的方法,来让jQuery的威力发挥出来,否则只用有限的几个方法,相对于运行速度问题,真不如不用jQuery。
jQuery如此之好用,和其在获取对象时使用与CSS选择器兼容的语法有很大关系,毕竟CSS选择器大家都很熟悉(关于CSS选择器可以看看十分钟搞定CSS选择器),但其强大在兼容了CSS3的选择器,甚至多出了很多。
选择器
有了CSS选择器基础后,看jQuery的选择器就很简单了,不再详细一一说明
基本选择器 | |
$(‘*') | 匹配页面所有元素 |
$(‘#id') | id选择器 |
$(‘.class') | 类选择器 |
$(‘element') | 标签选择器 |
组合/层次选择器 | |
$(‘E,F') | 多元素选择器,用”,分隔,同时匹配元素E或元素F |
$(‘E F') | 后代选择器,用空格分隔,匹配E元素所有的后代(不只是子元素、子元素向下递归)元素F |
$(E>F) | 子元素选择器,用”>”分隔,匹配E元素的所有直接子元素 |
$(‘E+F') | 直接相邻选择器,匹配E元素之后的相邻的同级元素F |
$(‘E~F') | 普通相邻选择器(弟弟选择器),匹配E元素之后的同级元素F(无论直接相邻与否) |
$(‘.class1.class2') | 匹配类名中既包含class1又包含class2的元素 |
基本过滤选择器 | |
$("E:first") | 所有E中的第一个 |
$("E:last") | 所有E中的最后一个 |
$("E:not(selector)") | 按照selector过滤E |
$("E:even") | 所有E中index是偶数 |
$("E:odd") | 所有E中index是奇数 |
$("E:eq(n)") | 所有E中index为n的元素 |
$("E:gt(n)") | 所有E中index大于n的元素 |
$("E:ll(n)") | 所有E中index小于n的元素 |
$(":header") | 选择h1~h7 元素 |
$("div:animated") | 选择正在执行动画效果的元素 |
内容过滤器 | |
$(‘E:contains(value)') | 内容中包含value值的元素 |
$(‘E:empty') | 内容为空的元素 |
$(‘E:has(F)') | 子元素中有F的元素,$(‘div:has(a)'):包含a标签的div |
$(‘E: parent') | 父元素是E的元素,$(‘td: parent'):父元素是td的元素 |
可视化选择器 | |
$(‘E:hidden') | 所有被隐藏的E |
$(‘E:visible') | 所有可见的E |
属性过滤选择器 | |
$(‘E[attr]') | 含有属性attr的E |
$(‘E[attr=value]') | 属性attr=value的E |
$(‘E[attr !=value]') | 属性attr!=value的E |
$(‘E[attr ^=value]') | 属性attr以value开头的E |
$(‘E[attr $=value]') | 属性attr以value结尾的E |
$(‘E[attr *=value]') | 属性attr包含value的E |
$(‘E[attr][attr *=value]') | 可以连用 |
子元素过滤器 | |
$(‘E:nth-child(n)') | E的第n个子节点 |
$(‘E:nth-child(3n+1)') | E的index符合3n+1表达式的子节点 |
$(‘E:nth-child(even)') | E的index为偶数的子节点 |
$(‘E:nth-child(odd)') | E的index为奇数的子节点 |
$(‘E:first-clild') | 所有E的第一个子节点 |
$(‘E:last-clild') | 所有E的最后一个子节点 |
$(‘E:only-clild') | 只有唯一子节点的E的子节点 |
表单元素选择器 | |
$(‘E:type') | 特定类型的input |
$(‘:checked') | 被选中的checkbox或radio |
$(‘option: selected') | 被选中的option |
筛选方法
.find(selector) 查找集合每个元素的子节点
Get the descendants(子节点) of each element in the current set of matched elements, filtered by a selector, jQuery object, or element.
.filter(selector) 过滤当前集合内元素
Reduce(减少) the set of matched elements to those that match the selector or pass the function's test.
基本方法
.ready(handler) 文档加载完成后执行的方法,区别于window.onload
Specify a function to execute when the DOM is fully loaded.
$(document).ready(function() {
// Handler for .ready() called.
});
.each(function(index,element)) 遍历集合内每个元素
Iterate over a jQuery object, executing a function for each matched element.
$("li" ).each(function( index ) {
console.log( index + ": " + $(this).text() );
});
jQuery.extend( target [, object1 ] [, objectN ] ) 合并对象
Merge the contents of two or more objects together into the first object.
获取元素
.eq(index) 按index获取jQuery对象集合中的某个特定jQuery对象
Reduce the set of matched elements to the one at the specified index.
.eq(-index) 按逆序index获取jQuery对象集合中的某个特定jQuery对象
An integer indicating the position of the element, counting backwards from the last element in the set.
.get(index) 获取jQuery集合对象中某个特定index的DOM对象(将jQuery对象自动转换为DOM对象)
Retrieve one of the DOM elements matched by the jQuery object.
.get() 将jQuery集合对象转换为DOM集合对象并返回
Retrieve the DOM elements matched by the jQuery object.
.index() / .index(selector)/ .index(element) 从给定集合中查找特定元素index
Search for a given element from among the matched elements.
1. 没参数返回第一个元素index
2.如果参数是DOM对象或者jQuery对象,则返回参数在集合中的index
3.如果参数是选择器,返回第一个匹配元素index,没有找到返回-1
var listItem = $( "#bar" );
alert( "Index: " + $( "li" ).index( listItem ) );
.clone([withDataAndEvents][,deepWithDataAndEvents]) 创建jQuery集合的一份deep copy(子元素也会被复制),默认不copy对象的shuju和绑定事件
Create a deep copy of the set of matched elements.
.parent([selector]) 获取jQuery对象符合selector的父元素
Get the parent of each element in the current set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.
.parents([selector]) 获取jQuery对象符合选择器的祖先元素
Get the ancestors of each element in the current set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.
插入元素
.append(content[,content]) / .append(function(index,html)) 向对象尾部追加内容
Insert content, specified by the parameter, to the end of each element in the set of matched elements.
1. 可以一次添加多个内容,内容可以是DOM对象、HTML string、 jQuery对象
2. 如果参数是function,function可以返回DOM对象、HTML string、 jQuery对象,参数是集合中的元素位置与原来的html值
$( ".inner" ).append( "<p>Test</p>" );
$( "body" ).append( $newdiv1, [ newdiv2, existingdiv1 ] );
$( "p" ).append( "<strong>Hello</strong>" );
$( "p" ).append( $( "strong" ) );
$( "p" ).append( document.createTextNode( "Hello" ) );
.appendTo(target) 把对象插入到目标元素尾部,目标元素可以是selector, DOM对象, HTML string, 元素集合,jQuery对象;
Insert every element in the set of matched elements to the end of the target.
$( "h2" ).appendTo( $( ".container" ) );
$( "<p>Test</p>" ).appendTo( ".inner" );
.prepend(content[,content]) / .prepend(function(index,html)) 向对象头部追加内容,用法和append类似
Insert content, specified by the parameter, to the beginning of each element in the set of matched elements.
.prependTo(target) 把对象插入到目标元素头部,用法和prepend类似
Insert every element in the set of matched elements to the beginning of the target.
.before([content][,content]) / .before(function) 在对象前面(不是头部,而是外面,和对象并列同级)插入内容,参数和append类似
Insert content, specified by the parameter, before each element in the set of matched elements.
$( ".inner" ).before( "<p>Test</p>" );
$( ".container" ).before( $( "h2" ) );
$( "p" ).first().before( newdiv1, [ newdiv2, existingdiv1 ] );
$( "p" ).before( "<b>Hello</b>" );
$( "p" ).before( document.createTextNode( "Hello" ) );
.insertBefore(target) 把对象插入到target之前(同样不是头部,是同级)
Insert every element in the set of matched elements before the target.
.after([content][,content]) / .after(function(index)) 和before相反,在对象后面(不是尾部,而是外面,和对象并列同级)插入内容,参数和append类似
Insert content, specified by the parameter, after each element in the set of matched elements.
$( ".inner" ).after( "<p>Test</p>" );
$( "p" ).after( document.createTextNode( "Hello" ) );
.insertAfter(target) 和insertBefore相反,把对象插入到target之后(同样不是尾部,是同级)
Insert every element in the set of matched elements after the target.
$( "<p>Test</p>" ).insertAfter( ".inner" );
$( "p" ).insertAfter( "#foo" );
包裹元素
.wrap(wrappingElement) / .wrap(function(index)) 为每个对象包裹一层HTML结构,可以是selector, element, HTML string, jQuery object
Wrap an HTML structure around each element in the set of matched elements.
<div class="container">
<div class="inner">Hello</div>
<div class="inner">Goodbye</div>
</div>$( ".inner" ).wrap( "<div class='new'></div>" );
<div class="container">
<div class="new">
<div class="inner">Hello</div>
</div>
<div class="new">
<div class="inner">Goodbye</div>
</div>
</div>
.wrapAll(wrappingElement) 把所有匹配对象包裹在同一个HTML结构中
Wrap an HTML structure around all elements in the set of matched elements.
<div class="container">
<div class="inner">Hello</div>
<div class="inner">Goodbye</div>
</div>$( ".inner" ).wrapAll( "<div class='new' />");<div class="container">
<div class="new">
<div class="inner">Hello</div>
<div class="inner">Goodbye</div>
</div>
</div>
.wrapInner(wrappingElement) / .wrapInner(function(index)) 包裹匹配元素内容,这个不好说,一看例子就懂
Wrap an HTML structure around the content of each element in the set of matched elements.
<div class="container">
<div class="inner">Hello</div>
<div class="inner">Goodbye</div>
</div>$( ".inner" ).wrapInner( "<div class='new'></div>");
<div class="container">
<div class="inner">
<div class="new">Hello</div>
</div>
<div class="inner">
<div class="new">Goodbye</div>
</div>
</div>
.unwap() 把DOM元素的parent移除
Remove the parents of the set of matched elements from the DOM, leaving the matched elements in their place.
属性方法
.val() 获取元素的value值
Get the current value of the first element in the set of matched elements.
$( "input:checkbox:checked" ).val();
.val(value) /.val(function(index,value)) 为元素设置值,index和value同样是指在为集合中每个元素设置的时候该元素的index和原value值
Set the value of each element in the set of matched elements.
$( "input" ).val( ‘hello' );
$( "input" ).on( "blur", function() {
$( this ).val(function( i, val ) {
return val.toUpperCase();
});
});
.attr(attributeName) 获取元素特定属性的值
Get the value of an attribute for the first element in the set of matched elements.
var title = $( "em" ).attr( "title" );
.attr(attributeName,value) / .attr(attributesJson) / .attr( attributeName, function(index, attr) ) 为元素属性赋值
Set one or more attributes for the set of matched elements.
$( "#greatphoto" ).attr( "alt", "Beijing Brush Seller" );
$( "#greatphoto" ).attr({
alt: "Beijing Brush Seller",
title: "photo by Kelly Clark"
});
$( "#greatphoto" ).attr( "title", function( i, val ) {
return val + " - photo by Kelly Clark";
});
.prop( propertyName ) 获取元素某特性值
Get the value of a property for the first element in the set of matched elements.
$( elem ).prop( "checked" )
.prop(propertyName,value) / .prop(propertiesJson) / .prop(propertyName,function(index,oldPropertyValue)) 为元素特性赋值
Set one or more properties for the set of matched elements.
$( "input" ).prop( "checked", true );
$( "input[type='checkbox']" ).prop( "checked", function( i, val ) {
return !val;
});
$( "input[type='checkbox']" ).prop({
disabled: true
});
关于attribute 和 property区别可以看看 jQuery的attr与prop
.data(key,value) / .value(json) 为HTML DOM元素添加数据,HTML5元素 已有data-*属性
Store arbitrary data associated with the matched elements.The .data() method allows us to attach data of any type to DOM elements in a way that is safe from circular references and therefore from memory leaks.
$( "body" ).data( "foo", 52 );
$( "body" ).data( "bar", { myType: "test", count: 40 } );
$( "body" ).data( { baz: [ 1, 2, 3 ] } );
.data(key) / .data() 获取获取data设置的数据或者HTML5 data-*属性中的数据
Return the value at the named data store for the first element in the jQuery collection, as set by data(name, value) or by an HTML5 data-* attribute.
alert( $( "body" ).data( "foo" ) );
alert( $( "body" ).data() );
alert( $( "body" ).data( "foo" ) ); // undefined
$( "body" ).data( "bar", "foobar" );
alert( $( "body" ).data( "bar" ) ); // foobar
CSS方法
.hasClass(calssName) 检查元素是否包含某个class,返回true/false
Determine whether any of the matched elements are assigned the given class.
.addClass(className) / .addClass(function(index,currentClass)) 为元素添加class,不是覆盖原class,是追加,也不会检查重复
Adds the specified class(es) to each of the set of matched elements.
$( "p" ).addClass( "myClass yourClass" );
$( "ul li" ).addClass(function( index ) {
return "item-" + index;
});
removeClass([className]) / ,removeClass(function(index,class)) 移除元素单个/多个/所有class
Remove a single class, multiple classes, or all classes from each element in the set of matched elements.
$( "p" ).removeClass( "myClass yourClass" );
$( "li:last" ).removeClass(function() {
return $( this ).prev().attr( "class" );
});
.toggleClass(className) /.toggleClass(className,switch) / .toggleClass([switch]) / .toggleClass( function(index, class, switch) [, switch ] ) toggle是切换的意思,方法用于切换,switch是个bool类型值,这个看例子就明白
Add or remove one or more classes from each element in the set of matched elements, depending on either the class's presence or the value of the switch argument.
<div class="tumble">Some text.</div>
第一次执行
$( "div.tumble" ).toggleClass( "bounce" )
<div class="tumble bounce">Some text.</div>
第二次执行
$( "div.tumble" ).toggleClass( "bounce" )
<div class="tumble">Some text.</div>
$( "#foo" ).toggleClass( className, addOrRemove );
// 两种写法意思一样
if ( addOrRemove ) {
$( "#foo" ).addClass( className );
} else {
$( "#foo" ).removeClass( className );
}
$( "div.foo" ).toggleClass(function() {
if ( $( this ).parent().is( ".bar" ) ) {
return "happy";
} else {
return "sad";
}
});
.css(propertyName) / .css(propertyNames) 获取元素style特定property的值
Get the value of style properties for the first element in the set of matched elements.
var color = $( this ).css( "background-color" );
var styleProps = $( this ).css([
"width", "height", "color", "background-color"
]);
.css(propertyName,value) / .css( propertyName, function(index, value) ) / .css( propertiesJson ) 设置元素style特定property的值
Set one or more CSS properties for the set of matched elements.
$( "div.example" ).css( "width", function( index ) {
return index * 50;
});
$( this ).css( "width", "+=200" );
$( this ).css( "background-color", "yellow" );
$( this ).css({
"background-color": "yellow",
"font-weight": "bolder"
});
事件方法
.bind( eventType [, eventData ], handler(eventObject) ) 绑定事件处理程序,这个经常用,不多解释
Attach a handler to an event for the elements.
$( "#foo" ).bind( "click", function() {
alert( "User clicked on 'foo.'" );
});
.delegate( selector, eventType, handler(eventObject) ) 这个看官方解释吧
Attach a handler to one or more events for all elements that match the selector, now or in the future, based on a specific set of root elements.
$( "table" ).on( "click", "td", function() {//这样把td的click事件处理程序绑在table上
$( this ).toggleClass( "chosen" );
});
.on( events [, selector ] [, data ], handler(eventObject) ) 1.7后推荐使用,取代bind、live、delegate
Attach an event handler function for one or more events to the selected elements.
$( "#dataTable tbody" ).on( "click", "tr", function() {
alert( $( this ).text() );
});
关于bind、live、delegate、on的区别可以看看 jQuery三种事件绑定方式.bind(),.live(),.delegate()
.trigger( eventType [, extraParameters ] ) JavaScript出发元素绑定事件
Execute all handlers and behaviors attached to the matched elements for the given event type.
$( "#foo" ).trigger( "click" );
.toggle( [duration ] [, complete ] ) / .toggle( options ) 隐藏或显示元素
Display or hide the matched elements.
$( ".target" ).toggle();$( "#clickme" ).click(function() {
$( "#book" ).toggle( "slow", function() {
// Animation complete.
});
});
动画/Ajax
这两部分内容比较多,不是简单的一个function就可以的,这里只是列举一下常用方法名,关于其使用可以看看 jQuery API animation ajax ,或者 jQuery的动画处理总结,ASP.NET 使用Ajax动画
queue/dequeue/clearQueue
delay/stop
fadeIn/fadeOut/fadeTo/fadeToggle
slideUp/slideDown/slideToggle
show/hide
Ajax
$.ajax
$.load
$.get
最后
了解了上面这些内容,使用jQuery进行web开发的时候就可以体验到jQuery的威力了。本文不是jQuery学习指南,仅仅是个常用方法介绍,如果大家想学习jQuery,最好的教材还是jQuery API,本文中示例与英文解释全部来源于jQuery API。 另外文中介绍内容远远不是jQuery全部,但是首先掌握了这些可以对jQuery有一个比较全面的认识,然后再学习其他内容的时候就可以游刃有余了。
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